Measuring and Measurement Tools, Things You Must Know
Measuring and Measurement Tools - In the world of engineering, measurement technique is very important, precision is something that cannot be tolerated.
As Lord Kelvin said:
When you can measuring what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it, but when you can not measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind
Once the importance of measurement in the timeline of human history, even since ancient Greece, several types of measurement have been known. Another example, the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt is one of the ancient wonders that still exist today with such a shape, it is impossible for the building to be made without measurements. Then what type of measurement was used since ancient times before the world introduced the SI system?
Okay, here are the types of measurements that have been known since ancient times with non-standard forms such as: span, cubit, kyubit, yard, foot, etc. Sounds familiar doesn't it? because our parents sometimes still often use these non-standard units, such as in calculating land area using bricks, stakes, etc.
It is undeniable, modernization has pushed all facilities and technology to develop beyond all human achievements that have existed from previous eras. Now all objects are made using technology with a high level of precision, as well as measuring instruments have been designed to have a high level of precision and accuracy according to existing technology. Even measuring instruments used daily can measure up to an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
For those of you who are in the engineering world or have a living work in the world of engineering, especially design, it is really mandatory for you to know simple things about measuring and measuring tools as below:
General Construction Measuring Instrument
1. Touch/ Sensor
The part of the measuring instrument that is in direct contact with the surface of the measuring object.
2. Modifier
The most important part of the measuring instrument, because with this modifier the detection results from the sensor will be forwarded, then changed or processed first before being forwarded to another measuring instrument (indicator/recorder).
3. Display/Notes
Part of the measuring instrument, where the value / price of the measurement results are shown or recorded.
Measuring Instrument Properties
1. Sensitivity
The ability of a measuring instrument to sense a relatively small difference from the measured value.
2. Readibility
The ability of the designation system of the measuring instrument to provide a number that is clear to the user.
3. Hysteresis
Deviations that arise when measurements are carried out continuously from 2 different directions, either from the Zero scale to the maximum scale, or vice versa.
4. Zero Stability
The ability of a measuring instrument to return to its initial position (zero) after measurement.
5. Passivity
the insensitivity of the measuring instrument to accept changes that occur in the sensor.
6. Shifting
There is a shift / change in the recorder / pointer while the sensor does not indicate a shift.
Terms in Measurement
1. Accuracy
Conformity between the measurement results with the actual value (real dimensions of the measuring object)
2. Precision
The ability of the measurement process to get the same results from repeated measurements
3. Basic size
Dimension or size of a measuring object which is theoretically considered to have no limit or tolerance value
4. Tolerance
Variations or differences in the size of the two allowed limits, so that from these differences it can be seen where the sizes of the components made are located.
5. Limit
Maximum/minimum allowed size / dimensions
6. Clearance
The difference in size between a pair of components with other components
Factors Affecting Measurement Results
1. Measuring Tool
Measuring tools that are used too often, rarely calibrated will have an impact on hysteresis, passivity, shifting, and Zero stability. Sensor wear will cause systematic errors.
2. Measuring Objects
Deformation due to contact pressure from the measuring instrument sensor and the weight of the measuring object
3. The Person Who Measures
Experience, vigilance, accuracy, not having basic knowledge of measuring instruments, working methods, calibration methods, measuring methods and not being able to analyze a measurement problem, determine how to measure, choose measuring instruments, and take measurements.
4. Position Measurement
Sine error and cosine error
5. Environment
Dirt, dust, vibration, light, temperature will affect the measurement results
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