Types of Industrial Waste and Processing Methods

Types of Industrial Waste and Processing Methods - Waste is the residue from an activity that can pose a hazard to the environment and human health. The process carried out in an industry to produce products inevitably leaves waste components. The waste component produced from this industrial process is called industrial waste.

Industrial waste has various types, depending on the product it produces. One industry with another does not necessarily produce the same waste, for example, the textile industry produces waste in the form of scraps of material and waste water from fabric dyes, while for industries engaged in food, which produce organic waste from food processing.

Types of Industrial Waste

Broadly speaking, industrial waste is grouped into 4, namely liquid waste, solid waste, gas waste and B3 waste.

1. Liquid Waste

Liquid waste is waste in liquid form. Liquid waste is the most well-known water pollutant entity. Examples of liquid waste are liquid waste from clothing dyes, liquid preservatives, washing foodstuffs and other liquid wastes.

Water pollution caused by liquid waste can cause health impacts such as:

• Anemia
• Nerve function disorders
• Psychological disorder
• Digestive system disorders
• Irritation to skin

In addition to the hazards mentioned above, liquid waste pollution can also cause damage to ecosystems, poisoning that occurs in humans and livestock, the appearance of odors in the waters and making groundwater unfit for consumption.

2. Solid Waste

Solid waste is the residue of an industrial process in solid form that is not reused. Examples of solid waste are pieces of iron, pieces of cloth, plastic waste and the rest of wood processing.

Pollution caused by solid waste includes:

• The appearance of toxic gases such as sulfuric acid and ammonia
• Declining air and water quality
• The occurrence of damage to the ground surface
• The emergence of diseases such as skin diseases and diarrhea

3. Waste Gas

Gas waste is a type of waste in the form of gas molecules. Gas waste has a very bad impact on the life of living things on earth. Gas waste can be in the form of granules or fine particles, gas and dust.

In general, gaseous waste can cause respiratory and visual health problems. In addition, waste gas can also damage the atmosphere and cause acid rain.

4. Hazardous Waste

B3 waste or hazardous and toxic material waste is waste that contains toxic and hazardous materials for human health and living things either directly or indirectly.

B3 waste can pollute, damage and endanger the environment and threaten the survival of humans and other living creatures. Therefore, the handling of B3 waste requires more attention than other types of waste.

Industrial Waste Treatment Method

1. Solid Waste Treatment

Solid waste produced by the industry can be treated in several ways, namely:

Open Hoarding

The first solution that can be done to deal with solid waste is open landfill. Solid waste that can be dumped is usually organic solid waste that can be decomposed by various decomposing organisms.

Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary landfill is a method of treating solid waste using holes covered with clay and plastic to prevent enlargement in the soil. Processing in this way can form methane gas which can be used to generate electricity.

Incineration

Incineration is the treatment of solid waste by burning. With the incineration process, solid waste can be turned into ash and the volume of waste is reduced. The incineration process is usually carried out using a machine called an incinerator.

Making Solid Compost

Organic solid waste can be processed into solid compost.

Recycle

Some inorganic solid wastes such as plastic and paper can be recycled

2. Liquid Waste Treatment

Liquid waste treatment is basically to keep the liquid that comes out clean and does not contain pollutants. Handling liquid waste is of course different from handling solid waste.

There are several ways to treat liquid waste, namely:

• Primary processing, namely by filtering, preprocessing, settling and flotation. Primary treatment is effectively used to deal with oil and fat pollutants
• Secondary processing, namely by using micro-organisms to decompose materials
• Tertiary processing, i.e. special processing
• Disinfection
• Sludge treatment (slude treatment)

3. Waste Gas Treatment

Industrial gas waste treatment can be done in several ways as follows:

• Controlling exhaust emissions
• Reduce or remove particulate matter from exhaust gases

4. B3 Waste Treatment

The processing of B3 waste must be carried out with special attention, because the hazards posed by B3 waste can have a much worse impact than other types of waste.

Processing of B3 waste can be done in several ways, including:

• Physical processing
• Chemical processing
• Biological processing

For more details how the processing of physics, chemistry and biology will be explained in the next article.

Those are the types of waste and several ways that can be done to handle and process industrial waste. The methods of processing these wastes certainly have their advantages and disadvantages.